Table 1.
Characteristics of people using opioids (regardless of stimulant use) vs exclusively using stimulants, n = 195.
| Current (past 3-month) drug use | Opioid use (n,%) 117 (60.0) |
Stimulant use (n,%) 78 (40.0) |
Total (n,%) 195 (100) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Socio-demographics | ||||
| Age (mean, SD) | 41.5 (11.7) | 45.7 (10.3) | 43.2 (11.3) | 0.011 |
| Non-Hispanic White | 50 (42.7) | 27 (34.6) | 77 (39.5) | 0.256 |
| Racialized groups | 67 (57.3) | 51 (65.4) | 118 (60.5) | |
| Black/African American | 11 (9.4) | 12 (15.4) | 23 (11.8) | |
| Hispanic/Latino | 31 (26.5) | 24 (30.8) | 55 (28.2) | |
| Multiracial | 21 (17.9) | 13 (16.7) | 34 (17.4) | |
| Other | 4 (3.4) | 2 (2.6) | 6 (3.1) | |
| Female gender | 34 (29.1) | 27 (34.6) | 61 (31.3) | 0.412 |
| Heterosexual | 105 (90.5) | 61 (78.2) | 166 (85.6) | 0.017 |
| ≥High School | 95 (81.2) | 72 (92.3) | 167 (85.6) | 0.03 |
| Unhoused | 88 (75.2) | 55 (70.5) | 143 (73.3) | 0.467 |
| In a steady relationship | 48 (42.1) | 26 (33.3) | 74 (38.5) | 0.22 |
| Drug Use (lifetime) | ||||
| Intentional fentanyl use | 99 (84.6) | 6 (7.7) | 105 (53.8) | <0.001 |
| Unintentional fentanyl use | 62 (53.0) | 47 (60.3) | 109 (55.9) | 0.317 |
| Methamphetamine | 115 (98.3) | 77 (98.7) | 192 (98.5) | 1 |
| Cocaine | 107 (91.5) | 57 (73.1) | 164 (84.1) | <0.001 |
| Heroin | 106 (90.6) | 36 (46.2) | 142 (72.8) | <0.001 |
| Prescription Opioids | 88 (75.2) | 36 (46.2) | 124 (63.6) | <0.001 |
| Inject drugs | 88 (75.2) | 43 (55.1) | 131 (67.2) | 0.003 |
| Opioid Overdose | 71 (62.3) | 20 (26.7) | 91 (48.1) | <0.001 |
| Stimulant overamping | 67 (58.8) | 44 (59.5) | 111 (59.0) | 0.925 |
| Use fentanyl test strips | 47 (40.5) | 27 (34.6) | 74 (38.1) | 0.407 |
| Positive TICS Score (past year) | 97 (83.6) | 53 (68.8) | 150 (77.7) | 0.016 |
| Health and Wellbeing | ||||
| Self-Rated Health (fair/poor) | 40 (34.8) | 24 (32.0) | 64 (33.7) | 0.692 |
| Physical pain* | 55 (47.8) | 44 (58.7) | 99 (52.1) | 0.144 |
| Depression | 53 (47.3) | 37 (51.4) | 90 (48.9) | 0.59 |
| Anxiety | 54 (47.8) | 38 (51.4) | 92 (49.2) | 0.634 |
| Structural Vulnerability | ||||
| Ever stopped by police | 107 (96.4) | 67 (93.1) | 174 (95.1) | 0.307 |
| Ever arrested | 103 (92.8) | 65 (91.5) | 168 (92.3) | 0.759 |
| Trouble accessing food* | 59 (51.3) | 31 (41.9) | 90 (47.6) | 0.206 |
| Feel safe in daily life* | 96 (85.0) | 62 (82.7) | 158 (84.0) | 0.675 |
| Experience Violence* | 70 (60.9) | 46 (61.3) | 116 (61.1) | 0.949 |
| Social support* | 90 (78.3) | 50 (67.6) | 140 (74.1) | 0.102 |
| Experience discrimination* | 97 (85.1) | 53 (70.7) | 150 (79.4) | 0.017 |
P values = bold, <0.05; italics, <0.10.
*
Sometimes/often/always is displayed.