Figure 12.

ATP, but Not Phosphate, Rescues Arabidopsis Plants from FB1-Induced Death.

(A) Hydroponic plants were treated with methanol (control) or 1 μM FB1 mixed with the indicated concentrations of ATP. Roots were stained 72 h later with Evans blue to determine viability. Bar = 1 μm; + or – implies addition or omission of the indicated compound, respectively.

(B) Arabidopsis plants were germinated on nutrient agar and transferred after 5 d to plates with agar supplemented with 0.014% methanol (control), 1 μM FB1, or 1 μM FB1 mixed with either 1 mM ATP or 1 mM KH₂PO₄. Top row, retardation of growth in all treatments containing FB1. Middle row, close-up photographs of representative plants from corresponding plates in the top row. Bottom row, root tips from hydroponic plants subjected to the same treatments for 72 h and stained with Evans blue to reveal cell death. It is clear from the middle and bottom rows that only ATP was able to rescue the plants from FB1-induced death. Bar = 1 μm for the bottom row.