Figure 4.

Death of Hydroponic Arabidopsis Plants Caused by Glucose–Hexokinase.

(A) Healthy leaves of plants treated with glucose.

(B) Dying leaves of plants treated with glucose–hexokinase.

(C) Close-up photograph of leaves from plants treated with glucose–hexokinase showing both chlorosis and brown lesions of localized tissue death.

(D) and (E) Roots of glucose-treated plants showing normal growth (D) and retarded roots of glucose–hexokinase-treated plants (E) 7 d after treatment. Fluorescein diacetate staining and microscopy confirmed that the roots in (E) had reduced viability.