Fig. 5.

The origin of the human expansion. The color or shade of each of the 4,210 locations (shown as dots) indicates either a correlation coefficient r or an R² value for the regression of expected heterozygosities in 53 HGDP-CEPH populations on geographic distance (corrected for large bodies of water) to the location displayed. Note that, for a simple linear regression, r² = R². Grayscale points indicate R² values, as shown by the gradient on the right, and correlation coefficients r are displayed in Africa and South America to reflect the sign of the relationship between heterozygosity and geographic distance to locations in these continents. R² values range from 0.757 to 0.870 in Africa and from 0.519 to 0.659 in South America. The maximum value of r (≈0.812) is observed when the origin is (30S, 50.2W); the minimum value of r (approximately -0.933) is observed when the origin is (4.3N, 12.8E).