P. gingivalis fimbrillin peptide stimulates ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression. HUVEC were incubated with media alone (black bars), a peptide corresponding to the N-terminal region of the P. gingivalis fimbrillin (amino acids 49 to 68; 10 μg/ml; gray bars), a scrambled peptide control (10 μg/ml; open bars), P. gingivalis LPS (10 μg/ml; diagonal bars), or E. coli LPS (0.1 μg/ml; stippled bars). Cells were harvested at 2, 24, and 48 h for FACS analysis for the detection of ICAM-1 (A) and VCAM-1 (B) expression. Values are the means ± standard errors of the means for three independent experiments. Statistical significance was assigned when the P value was <0.05 (*) or <0.001 (**) compared to uninfected HUVEC.