Table 1.
Odds Ratios (with 95% CIs) of advanced versus early-stage lung cancer diagnosis, adjusted for Anxiety/Depression, Chronic Analgesic Medication use and covariates
| Lung cancer | Colon cancer | |
|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | ||
| Anxiety/Depression | ||
| None (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Recent-onset ( < 12 months pre-cancer) | 1.19 (0.94, 1.51) | 1.02 (0.71, 1.46) |
| Historic or Persistent (first recorded >12 months pre-cancer) | 0.83 (0.70, 0.98) | 0.77 (0.64, 0.93) |
| Chronic Analgesic Medication use | ||
| None (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Recent-onset ( < 12 months pre-cancer) | 1.63 (1.39, 1.91) | 2.25 (1.81, 2.79) |
| Historic or Persistent (first recorded >12 months pre-cancer) | 0.39 (0.32, 0.47) | 0.96 (0.78, 1.18) |
| Number of GP consultations (30 days to 2 years pre-cancer) | ||
| 0-9 (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 10-29 | 0.77 (0.60, 0.99) | 0.86 (0.70, 1.06) |
| 30+ | 0.55 (0.42, 0.71) | 0.88 (0.69, 1.12) |
| Total number of physical comorbidities | ||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 0.95 (0.80, 1.13) | 0.99 (0.83, 1.17) |
| 2 | 0.93 (0.77, 1.13) | 0.92 (0.74, 1.14) |
| 3+ | 0.80 (0.65, 0.99) | 0.74 (0.58, 0.96) |
| Haemoptysis | ||
| No (Ref.) | 1.00 | – |
| Yes | 0.90 (0.63, 1.28) | – |
| Cough or Dyspnoea | ||
| No (Ref.) | 1.00 | – |
| Yes | 0.78 (0.69, 0.89) | – |
| Fatigue or Weight Loss | ||
| No (Ref.) | 1.00 | – |
| Yes | 0.99 (0.82, 1.21) | – |
| Red-flaga symptoms | ||
| No (Ref.) | – | 1.00 |
| Yes | – | 0.87 (0.70, 1.10) |
| Non-red-flagb symptoms | ||
| No (Ref.) | – | 1.00 |
| Yes | – | 1.25 (1.08, 1.46) |
| Anaemia (blood test recorded) | ||
| No (Ref.) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.98 (0.84, 1.14) | 0.97 (0.83, 1.14) |
Adjusted for listed covariates plus socio-demographic covariates; results for socio-demographic covariates are reported separately in Supplementary Table 2.
aRed-flag symptoms: Change in bowel habits and rectal bleeding.
bNon-red flag symptoms: abdominal pain/bloating, constipation or diarrhoea.