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. 2025 Dec 31;30(6):630–641. doi: 10.3746/pnf.2025.30.6.630

Table 2.

Heavy metal and microbial contaminants of andaliman- and kuweni-based powdered beverages

Characteristics F1 F2 F3
Lead (mg/kg) ND ND ND
Copper (mg/kg) 0.93±0.02a 0.82±0.01b 0.71±0.01c
Zinc (mg/kg) 0.29±0.00c 0.63±0.01a 0.55±0.01b
Tin (mg/kg) ND ND ND
Arsenic (mg/kg) ND ND ND
Total plate count (Log10 CFU/g) 2.58±0.02b 3.02±0.02a 1.98±0.08c
Coliform (MPN/g) 0.64±0.28 ND ND

Values are presented as mean±standard error from triplicate analysis (n=3).

Different letters in a row indicate significant differences (P<0.05).

F1, 25% andaliman:75% kuweni; F2, 50% andaliman:50% kuweni; F3, 75% andaliman:25% kuweni; ND, not detected; CFU, colony-forming units; MPN, most probable number.