Table 3. Univariate analysis of the characteristics of the MD-IPMN cases with FPPA and those with UPA.

MD-IPMNs: main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas; FPPA: focal pancreatic parenchymal atrophy; UPA: upper pancreatic atrophy; AMY: serum amylase levels; LIP: serum lipase levels; CA19-9: serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels; CEA: serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels; Ph: pancreatic head; Pbt: pancreatic body and tail; MPD: main pancreatic duct; MN: mural nodule.

*Student's t-test; **Fisher's exact test; ***Mann-Whitney U test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

	FPPA (n = 4)	UPA (n = 12)	P-value
Age, mean ± SD, year*	72 ± 11	70 ± 6	0.752
Sex (male:female), n**	1:3	7:5	0.569
Symptoms, n (%)**	1 (25)	2 (17)	1.000
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)**	3 (75)	3 (25)	0.118
History of acute pancreatitis, n (%)**	1 (25)	2 (17)	1.000
Laboratory data
AMY, median (range), IU/L, (n = 4/11)***	61 (46–140)	60 (44–144)	1.000
LIP, median (range), IU/L, (n = 1/6)***	150	45 (23–129)	0.286
CA19-9, median (range), U/mL, (n = 4/11)***	15.4 (2.1–133)	3.8 (2.1–11)	0.114
CEA, median (range), ng/mL, (n = 4/11)***	2.7 (1.4–25)	2.3 (1.2–41)	0.647
Image findings
Location (Ph:Pbt), n**	3:1	4:8	0.262
Diameter of MPD, median (range), mm***	6 (3–8)	11 (7–24)	0.017
Diameter of MPD < 7 mm, n (%)**	3 (75)	0	0.007
Height of MN, median (range), mm***	3 (0–6)	7 (2–15)	0.074
Pathological findings
Diagnosis (benign:malignant), n**	2:2	4:8	0.604
Histological subtype (gastric:non-gastric), (n = 4/11)**	2:2	5:6	1.000