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. 2025 Dec 22;4:14828. doi: 10.3389/jaws.2025.14828

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Copyright © 2025 ten Have, Scheltinga, Bekers, Zwaans and Roumen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flowchart illustrating treatment outcomes for 1,000 ACNES patients. 450 experienced successful conservative treatment. 550 underwent anterior neurectomy, with 330 successes. 220 underwent posterior neurectomy, with 110 successes. Persistent pain was noted in 110 cases, with 22 experiencing recurrent pain after posterior neurectomy. — Flowchart illustrating the number of ACNES patients who will experience a recurrent pain after posterior neurectomy, based on reported long-term treatment success in previous studies [3–6, 9, 10].