Fig. 4. Rapid onset of TUS-evoked depolarizations.

(a) Voltage traces across 18 trials for a single neuron. Gray line indicates TUS onset. Colored boxes denote traces zoomed in shown in (bi–iii). (bi–iii) Zoomed-in Vm traces from (a) across different trials (green, blue, red) aligned to TUS onset (gray line), with many trials showing rapid Vm depolarization within 9 ms (yellow line). (c) Normalized Vm of the example neuron shown in (a). Shown are mean (solid black) ± SEM (gray shading, N = 18 trials). (d) Histogram of Vm response latencies across transiently Vm activated neurons.