EMSA with AP-1 consensus oligonucleotide. U937 cells (3 × 106 cells/ml) were stimulated with porins (5 μg/ml), LPS (1 μg/ml), or TPA (100 ng/ml). Control, control nuclear extract (5 μg); TPA, TPA-induced nuclear extract (5 μg); LPS, LPS-induced nuclear extract (5 μg); Porins, porin-induced nuclear extract (5 μg) at 30, 60, and 120 min.; Comp., binding reactions with unlabeled excesses of AP-1 and NF-κB consensus oligonucleotides. A 100- to 200-fold molar excess of unlabeled probe was used for competition experiments. The bracket at the left indicates control and induced complexes. Fold increases in AP-1 activation are shown below each lane for each blot.