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. 2025 Dec 28;30:6. doi: 10.1186/s13054-025-05799-5

Table 1.

Systemic, renal and cerebral variables at baseline and at 23-h after induction of sepsis

Variables Pooled (n = 30) 3.0 g/kg Na ascorbate
(n = 8)
Baseline 23-h of sepsis
(prior to treatment)
31-h of sepsis
(end of treatment)
Systemic 
Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) 87.0 ± 8.1 68.8 ± 2.3 **** 74.0 ± 2.6*
Heart rate (beats/min) 77.4 ± 2.2 144.1 ± 4.0 **** 133.9 ± 9.3**
Cardiac output (L/min) 4.3 ± 0.6 6.2 ± 0.2 **** 7.3 ± 0.6**
Total peripheral resistance (ml/min/mmHg) 49.7 ± 1.2 93.3 ± 4.5**** 100.6 ± 10.5**
Core body temperature (℃) 39.7 ± 0.1 41.5 ± 0.1 **** 39.7 ± 0.2
Arterial blood lactate (mmol/L) 0.63 ± 0.04 1.50 ± 0.1 **** 1.5 ± 0.3
Arterial blood pH 7.52 ± 0.01 7.54 ± 0.005**** 7.49 ± 0.01
Renal
Renal blood flow (mL/min) 248.9 ± 9.6 330.0 ± 16.9 **** 387.3 ± 34.3**
Medullary tissue pO2 (mmHg) 43.6 ± 1.6 24.3 ± 2.0 **** 43.4 ± 4.5
Medullary tissue perfusion (BPU) 1143 ± 140 650 ± 70 *** 892.3 ± 203.5
Cortical tissue pO2 (mmHg) 38.8 ± 2.3 43.2 ± 2.9 40.5 ± 6.4
Cortical tissue perfusion (BPU) 2140 ± 343 1931 ± 314 2547 ± 213
Urine output (mL/kg/h) 1.47 ± 0.13 0.52 ± 0.10 **** 6.92 ± 0.84***
Plasma creatinine (µmol/L) 67.1 ± 2.0 141.8 ± 8.9 **** 18.8 ± 3.8****
Creatinine clearance (mmol/kg/min) 2.15 ± 0.13 0.86 ± 0.10 **** 36.6 ± 13.0*
Cerebral
Cerebral tissue pO2 (mmHg) 35.7 ± 1.5 17.3 ± 2.1 **** 31.2 ± 1.6
Cerebral tissue perfusion (BPU) 978 ± 164 1045 ± 173 652.7 ± 150.4
Cerebral tissue temperature (℃) 39.5 ± 0.1 40.8 ± 0.1 **** 39.5 ± 0.3

BPU: blood perfusion units. Data are expressed as mean ± standard error of mean. P-values were derived from a Student’s paired t-test comparing either 23.5-h or 31-h of sepsis to their respective baseline levels. *P ≤ 0.05, **P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, **** P < 0.0001