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. 2025 Dec 31;16:624. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-31771-y

Table 3.

Results of Microbiological work-up in all sepsis patients studied.

Microbiological cultures Count or proportion Valid %
 Positive blood culture, organism not identified 15/138 20.7%
 Positive cultures and identified organisms* 123/138 82.5%
Culture source and infection site**
  Blood 50/138 36.2%
  A central venous catheter (CVC) 13/138 9.4%
  Urine 20/138 14.49%
  Wound pus 28/138 20.2%
  Drains (post-surgery) 8/138 5.7%
  Sputum/Lung expectoration 13/138 9.4%
Microbe(s) isolated (n = 123/138) *
  Klebsiella species 40/123 32.5%
  Acinetobacter species 29/123 23.5%
  Staphylococcus aureus 18/123 14.6%
  Pseudomonas species 14/123 11.4%
  E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae 11/123 8.9%
  Candida tropicalis 11/123 8.9%
  Other Gram-Negative (Enterobacteriaceae, Proteus, and Providencia) 11/123 8.9%
  Streptococcus species 4/123 3.25%
  Gram-negative bacteria 105/138 76.0%
  Gram-positive bacteria 22/138 15.9%
  Fungal infection 11/138 7.97%
  Viral infection (Coronaviruses, Enterovirus, and Rhinovirus) 4/138 2.89%

*Positive blood culture, organism not identified, I mean not cultivated by routine basic cultures, which is primarily due to Prior antibiotic treatment.

**Note that some patients showed positive results in multiple cultures and had polymicrobial infections.