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. 2026 Jan 1;16(6):2780–2797. doi: 10.7150/thno.121905

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Dll4-Exo promotes angiogenesis in vitro. (A-B) DiD-labeled GFP-Exo or Dll4-Exo was incubated with HUVECs and cellular uptake was monitored via fluorescence microscopy every 2 h over a 12-h period. Nuclei and exosomes were stained with DAPI (blue) and DiD (red), respectively. Scale bar = 100 μm. (C) Representative images of scratch wound assay and (F) quantitative analysis of the migration rate of HUVECs. The dashed lines are the edges of scratch wound. Scale bar = 200 μm. (D) Representative images of transwell assay and (G) quantitative analysis of cell migration. Scale bar = 200 μm. (E) Representative images of tube formation by HUVECs and (H) quantification of total tube length, branching length, and number of nodes. Scale bar = 100 μm. (I) qRT-PCR of angiogenic marker genes (Angpt1, Hif1ɑ, Vegf) in HUVECs after 3 days of treatment. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. PBS control; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001 vs. GFP-Exo group.