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. 2025 Dec 29;14(12):5405–5414. doi: 10.21037/tlcr-2025-1068

Table 2. Clinical characteristics of all patients.

Variables Lobectomy (N=833), n (%) Segmentectomy (N=55), n (%) P value
Sex 0.71
   Female 454 (54.5) 28 (50.9)
   Male 379 (45.5) 27 (49.1)
Age 0.20
   >65 years 284 (34.1) 24 (43.6)
   ≤65 years 549 (65.9) 31 (56.4)
Smoking history 0.90
   Never 560 (67.2) 36 (65.5)
   Smoke 273 (32.8) 19 (34.5)
C/T ratio 0.001
   >0.5 to <1 351 (42.1) 36 (65.5)
   1 482 (57.9) 19 (34.5)
Pathological T stage 0.08
   is 1 (0.12) 0 (0.00)
   1a 76 (9.12) 1 (1.82)
   1b 268 (32.2) 25 (45.5)
   1c 245 (29.4) 19 (34.5)
   2a 241 (28.9) 10 (18.2)
   3 2 (0.24) 0 (0.00)
Pathological N stage 0.009
   0 745 (89.4) 46 (83.6)
   1 29 (3.48) 7 (12.7)
   2 59 (7.08) 2 (3.64)
Pleural invasion >0.99
   No 699 (83.9) 46 (83.6)
   Yes 134 (16.1) 9 (16.4)
Lymphatic invasion 0.76
   No 659 (79.1) 45 (81.8)
   Yes 174 (20.9) 10 (18.2)
Pathological stage 0.007
   IA1 19 (2.28) 1 (1.82)
   IA2 236 (28.3) 23 (41.8)
   IA3 287 (34.5) 15 (27.3)
   IB 201 (24.1) 7 (12.7)
   IIB 31 (3.72) 7 (12.7)
   IIIA 59 (7.08) 2 (3.64)
Pathological type 0.08
   Adenocarcinoma 756 (90.8) 54 (98.2)
   Squamous cell carcinoma 59 (7.08) 0 (0.00)
   Others 18 (2.16) 1 (1.82)

C/T, consolidation/tumor; N, node; T, tumor.