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. 2026 Jan 1;16(6):2952–2983. doi: 10.7150/thno.124189

Figure 2.

Figure 2

In vitro transport mechanism of MCT-NEs. Confocal micrographs show coumarin 6-labeled ATV/DTX uptake from water, 0.5% DMSO, and MCT-NEs in (A) ASBT-negative MDCK cells treated with the SMVT inhibitor, (B) ASBT-expressing MDCK cells treated with the SMVT inhibitor, (C) ASBT-negative MDCK cells without SMVT inhibition, and (D) ASBT-expressing MDCK cells in the absence of SMVT inhibition (scale bar: 20 μm). Quantitative uptake of (E) ATV and (F) DTX after 3 h exposure to ATV/DTX in water, 0.5% DMSO, or MCT-NEs is reported as mean ± SD (n = 3). Relative permeability of MCT-NE#9 across Caco-2/HT-29 MTX-E12 monolayers is shown (G) under selective inhibition of ASBT, OSTα/β, and SMVT alone or in combination, and (H) following incubation with mechanistic transcytosis inhibitors (mean ± SD, n = 3). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001.