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Effects of pH and osmolarity on fimA, fimB, and fimE expression as determined with lacZYA transcriptional fusions in strain AAEC189. The β-galactosidase (β-Gal) activity (expressed in Miller units) was determined after 20 min; means ± standard deviations are indicated. Osmolarity effects were tested by using NaCl as the osmolyte. (A) Different pHs; (B) different osmolarities in pH 7.0 media; (C) different osmlarities in pH 5.5 media.
