Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the study participants.
| Total (n = 1405) | |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 63.1 ± 6.7 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.6 ± 3.1 |
| Hormone treatment, n (%) | 223 (15.9) |
| Smoking, n (%) | 42 (3.0) |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 669 (47.6) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 537 (38.2) |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 52 (3.7) |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 634 (45.1) |
| Renal dysfunction, n (%) | 252 (17.9) |
| Sleep disorder, n (%) | 606 (43.1) |
| Physical activity, METs-h/week | 2.8 ± 3.5 |
| Grip strength, kg | 29.1 ± 4.9 |
| Locomotive syndrome | |
| With, n (%) | 892 (63.5) |
| Bone parameters | |
| Cortical bone thickness, mm | 2.8 ± 0.7 |
| Cortical bone thickness, %YAM | 72.5 ± 18.9 |
| Trabecular bone density, mg/cm3 | 153.4 ± 47.3 |
| Trabecular bone density, %YAM | 75.1 ± 23.1 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation or frequency and percentage.
The percentages of cortical bone thickness and trabecular bone density relative to the young adult mean (%YAM) represent the ratio of each parameter to the average values observed in healthy young adults (aged 20–44 years).
BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent; h, hours; %YAM, %young adult mean