Development of trypanosomosis-associated anemia in LT-α-deficient mice and control WT mice (A) and in LT-α-TNF-double-deficient as well as TNF-deficient mice (B). The values presented are mean RBC counts ± standard deviations, obtained from the same mice as those used for the data presented in Fig. 1 and expressed as percentages compared to mice before infection. p.i., postinfection. Trypanosomosis-induced serum TNF levels (C) in both LT-α-deficient mice and control WT mice were measured. Sera were collected on days 7, 14, and 28 and just prior to the lethal end of the infection. (∗), no WT mice survived the infection as long as 55 days.