FIG. 2.

Effects of filipin, β-methyl cyclodextrin, and cholera toxin B subunit on short-term survival of nonopsonized and opsonized B. suis inside murine macrophages. Cells were pretreated with cholesterol-binding (filipin) or -depleting (β-methyl cyclodextrin) molecules, or the ganglioside GM₁-binding molecule (cholera toxin B subunit) at the indicated concentrations. (A, C, and E) Survival of nonopsonized bacteria. (B, D, and F) Survival of opsonized bacteria. The number of surviving bacteria was determined 3 h postinfection (A and B) and 1 h postinfection (C, D, E, and F). Experiments were performed in triplicate, and the values represent means ± standard deviations. The experiments were repeated at least twice.