Table 3.
Synthesis of environmental factors linked to mobility and social participation in older adults
| Environment | Mobility | Social participation |
|---|---|---|
| Chapter 1: Product* and technology | ||
| e120: Products and technology for personal indoor and outdoor mobility and transportation | ||
| Mobility assistive device | + [60] | |
| e125: Products and technology for communication | ||
| Communication technology | + [84] | + [52], + [80] |
| e140: Products and technology for culture, recreation and sport | ||
| Community gardens | + [55], + [70], + [81] | + [52], + [55], + [70] |
| e150: Desing, construction and building products and technology of buildings for public use | ||
| Signage | + [53], + [67], + [81], + [82] | + [82] |
| Insufficient signage | - [55], - [56] | - [55] |
| Parking | + [69] | |
| Limited parking | - [60], - [82] | - [72] |
| Seating | + [52], + [55], + [56], + [58], 0 [62], + [70], + [73], + [82], + [67], | + [54], + [55], + [73] |
| Lack of seating | - [55], - [60], - [64], - [86] | - [55] |
| Presence of universally accessible public spaces (railings, handrails, ramps) | + [52], + [54] | + [52] |
| Lack of universally accessible public spaces | - [55], - [83] | - [55], - [72] |
| Lack of washrooms facilities | - [64], - [86] | - [88] |
| Picnic tables | + [62] | |
| Water fountain | + [53], + [56] | |
| Weather shelter | + [56], + [67] | + [54] |
| e160: Products and technology of land development | ||
| Aesthetics | + [54], + [55], + [56], + [58], + [61], + [70], + [76], + [86] | + [54], + [55], + [82] |
| Bridges/overpasses connecting to services | - [58], - [83] | |
| Crossing or crosswalks | + [76], + [81] | |
| Lack of crossing or crosswalks | - [69], - [88] | |
| Good user-friendliness of the walking and cycling environment including for using scooters | + [54], + [82], + [83] | + [54], + [68], + [82] |
| Poor user-friendliness of the walking and cycling environment including for using scooters | - [55], - [56], - [60] | - [55], - [69] |
| Presence of traffic lights | + [76] | |
| Lack of traffic lights | - [86] | |
| Optimal pathways conditions, dimensions and coverage | + [9], + [54], + [56], + [58], + [70], + [73], + [82] | + [54], + [70], + [82] |
| Suboptimal pathways conditions, dimensions and coverage | - [9], - [52], - [55], - [58], - [60], - [62], - [86] | - [55], - [72], - [88] |
| Walking/cycling facilities | + [9], + [70], + [73], + [83] | + [64], + [73] |
| Rural >urban | + [66] | |
| Urban >rural | + [79] | |
| Streets connectivity | + [58], + [76], + [82] | + [82] |
| Unsafe stairs | - [54], - [55], - [60] | - [55] |
| Newly built neighborhood | - [82] | |
| Mixed land uses and services | + [61], + [81] | + [82] |
| Chapter 2: Natural environment and human-made changes to environment | ||
| e210: Physical geography | ||
| Topography physically demanding | - [52], - [60], - [64], - [70], - [85] | |
| Water bodies | + [52] | + [82] |
| e215: Population | ||
| High density of population | - [58], + [61] | + [57] |
| Low density of population | 0 [82] | + [54], + [77], + [82] |
| Heterogeneity of the population | + [74] | + [64] |
| Low neighborhood socioeconomic status | + [79], - [86] | |
| Seniors’ density | + [57], + [66] | |
| Traffic | - [52], - [58], - [59], - [60], - [86] | - [69], - [82], - [88] |
| e220 Flora and fauna | ||
| Nature and green spaces including parks | + [55], + [56], + [58], + [60], - [62], + [66], + [70], + [71], + [73], + [81], - [82] | + [54], + [55], + [62], - [63], + [64], + [66], + [70], + [73], - [82] |
| Lack of nature and green spaces including parks | - [59], - [86] | |
| e225: Climate | ||
| Poor weather conditions | - [55], - [56], 0 [58], - [60], - [64], - [65], - [84], - [85] | - [54], - [55] |
| Good weather conditions | + [55], + [56], + [70] | + [55] |
| e240: Light | ||
| Adequate streets and buildings lighting | + [55], + [56], + [67], + [76] | + [55] |
| Inadequate Streets and Buildings Lighting | - [56], - [58], - [60], - [67], - [70], - [86] | - [88] |
| e245: Time-related changes | ||
| Nighttime | - [85] | |
| e250: Sound | ||
| Absence of noise | + [54] | |
| e260: Air quality | ||
| Fresh air | + [70], + [86] | + [70] |
| Chapter 3: Support and relationships | ||
| e310: Immediate family | ||
| Support from family | + [68], + [85] | |
| e320: Friends | ||
| Support from friends | + [68] | |
| e325: Acquaintances, peers, colleagues, neighbours and community members | ||
| Social cohesion | + [53], + [56], + [58], + [60], + [70], + [78], + [85] | + [52], + [57], + [68], + [69], + [70], + [78], + [80], + [88] |
| Lack of social cohesion | - [65], - [78] | - [65] |
| Intergenerational social engagement | + [64] | |
| Social support/network | + [58], + [74], + [72], 0 [84], + [85] | + [68], + [69], 0 [72], + [87] |
| Walking partner | + [56], + [58] | + [54] |
| e345: Stranger | ||
| Crowdedness | - [58], - [83], + [86] | |
| Chapter 4: Attitudes | ||
| e445: Individual attitudes of strangers | ||
| Drivers and cyclists’ respect | + [56] | + [54] |
| Negative attitudes of people | - [56], - [58] | - [54], - [69] |
| Chapter 5: Services, systems and policies | ||
| e510: Services, systems and policies for the production of consumer goods | ||
| Proximity to recreational facilities | + [52], + [54], + [55], + [70], + [83], + [85] | + [54], + [55], + [68], + [77], + [82], + [83], + [88] |
| Access to amenities and services | + [52], + [54], + [55], + [56], + [58], + [60], + [70], + [76], + [78], + [82], + [83], + [85] | + [9], + [54], + [55], + [56], + [68], + [75], + [77], + [82], + [85], + [87] |
| Lack of amenities and services | - [65], - [75] | - [75], - [88] |
| e515 Architecture and construction services, systems and policies | ||
| Architectural features that facilitate social contacts | + [83] | |
| Lack of inclusion in deciding community infrastructure | - [52] | |
| e540: Transportation services, systems and policies | ||
| Adequate public transportation | + [52], - [64], + [67], + [73], + [76], + [79], + [81], + [82], 0 [84], + [85] | + [54], + [68], + [69], + [80], + [82], + [85], + [87] |
| Inadequate public transportation | - [60], - [75], - [65], - [79], - [67] | - [65], - [69], - [75], - [88] |
| Second-hand bicycles | + [70] | |
| Affordable public transportation | + [70], - [75], + [85] | + [70] |
| Car or driver’s licence | + [73], + [75], + [79], + [85] | + [9], + [69], + [85], + [87] |
| e545: Civil protection services, systems and policies | ||
| Graffiti | - [60] | |
| Neighborhood insecurity | - [56], - [59], - [60], + [78], - [86], - [84] | |
| Neighborhood security | + [52], + [56], + [58], + [70], + [81] | + [54], + [66], + [87] |
| e555 Associations and organizational services, systems and policies | ||
| Community-based activities for older adults | + [52], + [58], + [70], 0 [84] | + [52], + [54], - [68], + [70], + [72] |
| Places of worship | + [53], + [60], + [70], + [82] | + [64], + [77], + [82], + [88] |
| Presence of adequate gathering places | + [53], + [55], + [62], + [70] | + [52], + [55], + [62], + [64], + [70], + [72], + [77], + [83], + [88] |
| Lack of adequate gathering places | - [9], - [72] | |