Table 1. Clinical characteristics of enrolled patients with carotid artery stenosis according to the presence of ulcer.
|
Overall (n = 94) |
Ulcer Present (n = 38) |
Ulcer Absent (n = 56) |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 75 (71-81) | 76 (73-80) | 74 (70-81) | 0.542 |
| Female | 18 (19.1) | 5 (13.2) | 13 (23.2) | 0.290 |
| Current smoking | 10 (10.6) | 6 (15.8) | 4 (7.1) | 0.306 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 78 (83.0) | 32 (84.2) | 46 (82.1) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 47 (50.0) | 19 (50.0) | 28 (50.0) | 1.000 |
| Dyslipidemia | 78 (83.0) | 36 (94.7) | 42 (75.0) | 0.013 |
| Coronary artery disease | 21 (22.3) | 9 (23.7) | 12 (21.4) | 0.806 |
| Stroke or TIA | 40 (42.6) | 19 (50.0) | 21 (37.5) | 0.127 |
| Medication | ||||
| Statin | 45 (47.9) | 21 (55.3) | 24 (42.9) | 0.294 |
| Ezetimibe | 2 (2.1) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (1.8) | 1.000 |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 56 (59.6) | 22 (57.9) | 34 (60.7) | 0.832 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 183 (151-203) | 161 (142-199) | 187 (154-204) | 0.165 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 96 (73-118) | 92 (69-114) | 100 (75-122) | 0.353 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 54 (45-67) | 53 (44-67) | 55 (47-69) | 0.269 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 81 (67-125) | 162 (79-183) | 116 (82-165) | 0.401 |
| Lipoprotein(a) (mg/dL) | 17 (6-40) | 28 (11-56) | 10 (5-25) | 0.007 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.1 (5.7-6.8) | 5.2 (5.7-6.8) | 6.1 (5.7-6.8) | 0.911 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 59.9 (45.4-67.7) | 57.2 (45.4-57.2) | 62.2 (48.0-67.9) | 0.561 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 134 (120-148) | 136 (122-147) | 133 (119-154) | 0.799 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 76 (67-83) | 76 (66-82) | 77 (68-83) | 0.624 |
| Degree of stenosis (%, NASCET) | 70 (50-83) | 75 (60-86) | 65 (46-80) | 0.075 |
| Symptomatic stenotic lesion | 33 (35.1) | 17 (44.7) | 16 (28.6) | 0.127 |
| Contralateral carotid stenosis | 19 (20.2) | 7 (18.4) | 12 (21.4) | 0.798 |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or numbers (%). BP, blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NASCET, The North American Symptomafic Carofid Endarterectomy Trial; TIA, transient ischemic attack.