Table 2.
Training set and test set variability analysis
| Variables | Total | Validation | Training | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 1068 | 321 | 747 | |
| Age(years old) Median (Q1, Q3) | 68.00 (57.00, 78.25) | 67.00 (57.00, 79.00) | 68.00 (58.00, 78.00) | 0.985 |
| Gender n (%) | 0.506 | |||
| Female | 357 (33.4%) | 112 (34.9%) | 245 (32.8%) | |
| Male | 711 (66.6%) | 209 (65.1%) | 502 (67.2%) | |
| Vital Signs on ICU Admission, Median (Q1, Q3) | ||||
| HR,(bmp) | 105.00 (90.00, 122.00) | 105.00 (89.00, 124.00) | 104.00 (91.00, 121.00) | 0.944 |
| SBP,(mmHg) | 86.00 (77.00, 94.00) | 86.00 (78.00, 93.88) | 85.00 (77.00, 95.00) | 0.719 |
| DBP,(mmHg) | 46.00 (39.00, 52.00) | 45.00 (38.25, 51.00) | 46.00 (39.00, 52.00) | 0.288 |
| MBP,(mmHg) | 57.00 (50.00, 63.75) | 57.00 (50.00, 63.00) | 57.00 (50.12, 64.00) | 0.760 |
| RR,(bpm) | 29.00 (25.00, 33.00) | 29.00 (25.00, 33.00) | 29.00 (25.00, 33.00) | 0.846 |
| Body temperature,(°C) | 37.22 (36.90, 37.83) | 37.22 (36.94, 37.88) | 37.22 (36.89, 37.83) | 0.757 |
| SpO2,(%) | 93.00 (90.00, 95.00) | 93.00 (90.00, 95.00) | 92.00 (90.00, 94.75) | 0.133 |
| Laboratory parameters on ICU admission, Median (Q1, Q3) | ||||
| WBC count,(103/μL) | 13.30 (9.40, 18.55) | 13.40 (9.50, 18.80) | 13.30 (9.30, 18.50) | 0.751 |
| Hematocrit | 30.90 (26.50, 35.70) | 30.60 (26.30, 34.90) | 31.10 (26.50, 35.95) | 0.352 |
| Hb,(g/dL) | 10.20 (8.60, 11.72) | 10.20 (8.60, 11.60) | 10.20 (8.60, 11.80) | 0.970 |
| PLT(103/μL) | 160.50 (114.00, 216.25) | 164.65 (114.00, 217.00) | 159.00 (114.00, 216.00) | 0.728 |
| pH | 7.33 (7.29, 7.37) | 7.33 (7.30, 7.36) | 7.33 (7.29, 7.37) | 0.843 |
| PO2,(mmHg) | 102.05 (81.00, 124.60) | 102.00 (84.00, 124.02) | 102.18 (79.37, 124.75) | 0.518 |
| PCO2,(mmHg) | 45.00 (39.00, 51.00) | 45.00 (39.00, 51.00) | 45.00 (39.00, 51.00) | 0.678 |
| Aniongap,(mmol/L) | 17.00 (14.00, 20.00) | 17.00 (14.00, 20.00) | 17.00 (14.00, 20.00) | 0.715 |
| Lactate,(mmol/L) | 2.20 (1.70, 3.20) | 2.13 (1.69, 3.13) | 2.20 (1.70, 3.20) | 0.512 |
| BicarbonTate | 24.00 (21.00, 27.00) | 24.00 (22.00, 27.00) | 24.00 (21.00, 28.00) | 0.801 |
| Albumin,(g/dL) | 3.19 (2.90, 3.40) | 3.19 (2.96, 3.40) | 3.19 (2.90, 3.40) | 0.514 |
| ALT,(U/L) | 36.83 (25.26, 68.02) | 39.00 (25.28, 72.00) | 36.00 (25.32, 67.16) | 0.328 |
| AST,(U/L) | 55.00 (41.00, 92.00) | 55.39 (42.21, 95.26) | 54.76 (39.50, 91.60) | |
| ALP,(U/L) | 8.61 (6.80, 11.00) | 8.60 (6.99, 11.00) | 8.62 (6.69, 11.00) | 0.670 |
| Na+,(mmol/L) | 140.00 (137.00, 142.00) | 140.00 (137.00, 142.00) | 140.00 (137.00, 142.00) | 0.569 |
| K+,(mmol/L) | 4.60 (4.10, 5.10) | 4.50 (4.20, 5.10) | 4.60 (4.10, 5.15) | 0.939 |
| BUN,(mg/dL) | 30.00 (19.00, 47.00) | 30.00 (19.00, 46.00) | 29.00 (19.00, 47.50) | 0.922 |
| Creatinine(mg/dL) | 1.40 (1.00, 2.30) | 1.40 (1.00, 2.20) | 1.40 (1.00, 2.30) | 0.899 |
| TBil(μmol/L) | 1.02 (0.61, 1.64) | 1.00 (0.60, 1.70) | 1.02 (0.66, 1.60) | 0.944 |
| Ck-MB(U/L) | 7.00 (4.00, 15.00) | 6.74 (4.00, 14.48) | 7.00 (4.01, 15.14) | 0.606 |
| Ck-CPK(IU/L) | 234.61 (124.00, 658.36) | 222.77 (131.90, 590.17) | 237.19 (122.66, 675.99) | 0.630 |
| LDH(U/L) | 334.50 (278.00, 430.12) | 340.21 (278.68, 407.17) | 332.11 (277.70, 438.26) | 0.819 |
| Glucose,(mmol/L) | 168.00 (134.00, 216.00) | 165.50 (132.00, 214.00) | 169.00 (135.00, 217.00) | 0.613 |
| Fibrinogen,(mg/dL) | 251.94 (238.00, 259.34) | 253.79 (238.43, 259.87) | 251.46 (237.99, 259.03) | 0.188 |
| PT,(S) | 14.28 (12.70, 17.00) | 14.20 (12.80, 16.80) | 14.30 (12.60, 17.15) | 0.736 |
| PTT,(S) | 30.50 (26.80, 35.10) | 30.10 (26.60, 35.50) | 30.80 (26.90, 34.90) | 0.822 |
| INR | 1.30 (1.10, 1.60) | 1.30 (1.10, 1.50) | 1.30 (1.10, 1.60) | 0.770 |
| Critical assessment on admission, Median (Q1, Q3) | ||||
| APS III | 52.00 (38.00, 73.25) | 52.00 (39.00, 70.00) | 52.00 (38.00, 74.00) | 0.483 |
| SOFA | 6.00 (4.00, 10.00) | 7.00 (4.00, 10.00) | 6.00 (4.00, 10.00) | 0.406 |
| GCS | 14.00 (10.00, 15.00) | 14.00 (10.00, 15.00) | 14.00 (10.00, 15.00) | 0.678 |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||
| CCI | 7.00 (5.00, 8.00) | 7.00 (5.00, 8.00) | 7.00 (5.00, 8.00) | 0.566 |
| CBD | 127 (11.9%) | 38 (11.8%) | 89 (11.9%) | 0.972 |
| CPD | 317 (29.7%) | 87 (27.1%) | 230 (30.7%) | 0.227 |
| Diabetes with cc | 110 (10.3%) | 34 (10.6%) | 76 (10.2%) | 0.837 |
| Renal disease | 353 (33.1%) | 105 (32.7%) | 248 (33.2%) | 0.876 |
| Malignancy | 121 (11.3%) | 34 (10.6%) | 87 (11.7%) | 0.618 |
| Advanced life support,n(%) | ||||
| RRT | 136 (12.7%) | 33 (10.3%) | 103 (13.8%) | 0.115 |
| IMV | 964 (90.3%) | 283 (88.2%) | 681 (91.2%) | 0.129 |
| Vasoactive_Agent | 631 (59.1%) | 197 (61.4%) | 434 (58.1%) | 0.319 |
| Antibiotic | 1032 (96.6%) | 312 (97.2%) | 720 (96.4%) | 0.501 |
| Length of Stay (LOS), Median (Q1, Q3) | ||||
| Los of Hospital (day) | 9.94 (5.96, 16.81) | 9.22 (5.80, 16.97) | 10.12 (6.08, 16.75) | 0.406 |
| Los of ICU (day) | 3.45 (1.83, 6.99) | 3.44 (1.85, 7.00) | 3.46 (1.83, 6.97) | 0.901 |
Values are presented as median (Q1, Q3) or n (%), as appropriate. P values were calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test for continuous variables and the chi-square test for categorical variables
HR Heart Rate; SBP Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure; MBP Mean Blood Pressure; RR, Respiratory Rate; SpO₂, Peripheral Oxygen Saturation; WBC White Blood Cell Count; Hb Hemoglobin; PLT Platelet Count; PO₂ Partial Pressure of Oxygen in Arterial Blood; PCO₂ Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide in Arterial Blood; ALT Alanine Aminotransferase; AST Aspartate Aminotransferase; ALP Alkaline Phosphatase; Na⁺ Sodium; K⁺ Potassium; BUN Blood Urea Nitrogen; TBil Total Bilirubin; CK-MB Creatine Kinase-MB; CK-CPK Creatine Phosphokinase; LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase; PT Prothrombin Time; PTT Partial Thromboplastin Time; INR International Normalized Ratio; APS III Acute Physiology Score III; SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; GCS Glasgow Coma Scale; CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index; CBD Cerebrovascular Disease; CPD Chronic Pulmonary Disease; RRT renal replacement therapy; IMV Invasive Mechanical Ventilation; LOS Length of Stay