Table 1.

Sera from the HUNT4 survey were tested for the presence of IgG anti-H. pylori antibodies

Relation to CeD (HUNT4)
H. pylori serology	UCeD	KnCeD	Unclassified	Total
Female	354	36	198	588
Borderline	7	3	11	21
Insufficient volume	2	–	–	2
Negative	262	31	144	437
Positive	24	2	40	66
No serum	59	–	3	62
Male	311	23	185	519
Borderline	14	1	13	28
Insufficient volume	2	–	2	4
Negative	194	13	128	335
Positive	19	8	38	65
No serum	82	1	4	87
Total	665	59	383	1107

The samples were further categorised based on the information available at the time of serum collection into the following groups: UCeD: Unknown CeD; KnCeD: Known CeD; Unclassified (i.e. neither UCeD nor KnCeD): no classification available. All serum samples exhibited elevated antibody levels consistent with coeliac disease (sCeD), as detailed in the materials and methods section