Table 4.

Comparison of key site parameters and monitoring data.

Site	Sages	Reference	Bachman	Reference
Site characteristics
Location	Jacksonville, FL	Jawitz et al. 2000	Oscoda, MI	Abriola et al. 2005
Former site use	Dry cleaner	Jawitz et al. 2000	Dry cleaner	Abriola et al. 2005
Primary contaminant	PCE	Jawitz et al. 2000	PCE	Abriola et al. 2005
Depth to groundwatera	2.0–2.6 m	Jawitz et al. 2000	2.4–3.0 m	Abriola et al. 2005
Depth to confining unit	10 m	Jawitz et al. 2000	7.6 m	Abriola et al. 2005
Range of hydraulic conductivityb	3–6 m/day	Jawitz et al. 2000	1–48 m/day	Abriola et al. 2005
Soil classification	Fine grain sands	Jawitz et al. 2000	Medium to fine grain sands	Abriola et al. 2005
Areal extent of treated zone	7.3 × 2.7 m	Jawitz et al. 2000	4.3 × 6.7 m	Abriola et al. 2005
Estimated overall NAPL saturation	0.004	Jawitz et al. 2000	0.0004	Ramsburg et al. 2005
Maximum observed PCE aqueous concentration preceding treatment	710 μM	Jawitz et al. 2000	600 μM	Ramsburg et al. 2005
Management strategy
Treatment	Co-solvent	Jawitz et al. 2000	SEAR	Abriola et al. 2005
Flushing solution	95% (vol) ethanol	Jawitz et al. 2000	6% (wt) Tween 80	Ramsburg et al. 2005
Volume of solution injected	34 kL	Jawitz et al. 2000	68 kL	Ramsburg et al. 2005
Duration of injection	3 day + 4.5 day waterflood	Jawitz et al. 2000	10 day + 2 day waterflood	Ramsburg et al. 2005
Recovery of active ingredient	92% (ethanol)	Jawitz et al. 2000	95% (Tween 80)	Ramsburg et al. 2005
PCE mass recovery	43 L	Jawitz et al. 2000	19 L	Ramsburg et al. 2005
Unrecovered active ingredient	2,000 kg (45 kmol)	Mravik et al. 2003	225 kg (0.17 kmol)	Ramsburg et al. 2005
Total cost	$440,000	Sillan 1999	$365,900	Ramsburg et al. 2005
Monitoring
Posttreatment monitoring period	1,280 day	Mravik et al. 2003	450 day	Ramsburg et al. 2004
Range and (median) of concentrations within treated zone at last reported monitoringc
PCE	50–150 (100) μM	Mravik et al. 2003	0.11–36 (0.38) μM	Ramsburg et al. 2004
TCE	10–30 (20) μM	Mravik et al. 2003	0.01–91 (0.09) μM	Ramsburg et al. 2004
cis-DCE	36–242 d (150) μM	Mravik et al. 2003	0.17–1,032 (2.2) μM	Ramsburg et al. 2004
VC	0.07–13 d (2.0) μM	Mravik et al. 2003	0.02–6.6 (0.02) μM	Ramsburg et al. 2004
Ethene	0.04–0.43 d (0.20) μM	Mravik et al. 2003	Not measured	Ramsburg et al. 2004
Acetate	200–600 (400) μM	Mravik et al. 2003	100–4,600 (100) μM	Ramsburg et al. 2004

^aVaries seasonally.

^bRange due to spatial variability within source zone.

^cValues for the Sages site are estimated from kriged contours.

^dActual range [i.e., non-kriged range reported in Mravik et al. (2003)].