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. 2026 Jan 5;15(1):88. doi: 10.3390/cells15010088
TGF-β Transforming Growth Factor-beta
TNFα Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
ATF-4 Activating Transcription Factor-4
NFκB Nuclear Factor Kappa B
DAMP Damage-associated Molecular Pattern
PAMP Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern
IκB I-kappa-B Kinase Beta
TAK1 Transforming Growth Factor β-activated Kinase 1
NAC N-Acetylcysteine
Stat1 Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription 1
TP53 Tumor Protein p53
PBM Photobiomodulation
CAT Catalase
Smad Mothers Against Decapentaplegic
MAPK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
CCO Cytochrome C Oxidase
Nrf2 Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2
KEAP Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein
Alk5 Activin-Like Kinase 5
ISR Integrated Stress Response
HSP Heat Shock Protein
ERK Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase
TLR Toll-Like Receptor
CD40 Cluster Differentiation 40
MORT1 Mediator of Receptor-Induced Toxicity-1
IL Interleukin
STING Stimulator of Interferon Genes
MTDH Metadherin
CARD CAspase Recruitment Domain
CHUK Conserved Helix–Loop–Helix Ubiquitous Kinase
cIAP Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins