| TGF-β | Transforming Growth Factor-beta |
| TNFα | Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha |
| ATF-4 | Activating Transcription Factor-4 |
| NFκB | Nuclear Factor Kappa B |
| DAMP | Damage-associated Molecular Pattern |
| PAMP | Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern |
| IκB | I-kappa-B Kinase Beta |
| TAK1 | Transforming Growth Factor β-activated Kinase 1 |
| NAC | N-Acetylcysteine |
| Stat1 | Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription 1 |
| TP53 | Tumor Protein p53 |
| PBM | Photobiomodulation |
| CAT | Catalase |
| Smad | Mothers Against Decapentaplegic |
| MAPK | Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase |
| CCO | Cytochrome C Oxidase |
| Nrf2 | Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 |
| KEAP | Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein |
| Alk5 | Activin-Like Kinase 5 |
| ISR | Integrated Stress Response |
| HSP | Heat Shock Protein |
| ERK | Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase |
| TLR | Toll-Like Receptor |
| CD40 | Cluster Differentiation 40 |
| MORT1 | Mediator of Receptor-Induced Toxicity-1 |
| IL | Interleukin |
| STING | Stimulator of Interferon Genes |
| MTDH | Metadherin |
| CARD | CAspase Recruitment Domain |
| CHUK | Conserved Helix–Loop–Helix Ubiquitous Kinase |
| cIAP | Cellular Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins |