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. 2025 Dec 30;27(1):399. doi: 10.3390/ijms27010399
ATF4 activating transcription factor 4
BPA bisphenol A
CHOP C/EBP-homologous protein
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
EDCs endocrine-disrupting chemicals
eIF2α eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2 alpha
ER estrogen receptor
GnRH gonadotropin-releasing hormone
HPG hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal
LH luteinizing hormone
MPs microplastics
NPs nanoplastics
PERK PKR-like ER Kinase
PPARs peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
ROS reactive oxygen
LD linear dichroism
8-OHdG 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine