AKT	Protein kinase B (PKB)
aνβ3–β1	Integrin subunits
BMD	Bone mineral density
BMSC	Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell
BRG1	Brahma-related gene 1
BSP	Bone sialoprotein
CAVD	Calcific aortic valve disease
CBP	CREB-binding protein
ChIP	Chromatin immunoprecipitation
ChIP-qPCR	Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction
CD44	Cluster of differentiation 44
CDK2	Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
CDK4	Cyclin-dependent kinase 4
CCD	Cleidocranial dysplasia
COL1A1	Collagen type 1 alpha 1
COX2	Cyclooxygenase-2
ECM	Extracellular matrix
EMT	Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
ERK	Extracellular signal-regulated kinases
FAK	Focal adhesion kinase
FOXO1	Forkhead box protein O1
GSK-3β	Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
HAT	Histone demethylase
HDM	Histone acetyltransferase
H3K4me3	Histone h3 lysine 4 trimethylation
H3K9me3	Histone h3 lysine 9 trimethylation
H3K27me3	Histone h3 lysine 27 trimethylation
iPS cells	Induced pluripotent stem cells
lncRNA	Long non-coding RNA
lncRNA H19	Long non-coding RNA H19
LINC	Linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
miRNA	MicroRNA
mTOR	Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin
mTORC1	Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1
MSCs	Mesenchymal stem cells
MMP1	Matrix metalloproteinase 1
NFAT	Nuclear factor of activated T-cells
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
OA	Osteoarthritis
OPN	Osteopontin
PC1/PC2	Polycystins 1/2
PKA	Protein kinase A
PKC/PKCδ	Protein kinase c/protein kinase c delta
PTMs	Post-translational modifications
RNA	Ribonucleic acid
RhoA	Ras homolog family number A
ROCK	Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing kinases
RUNX	Runt-related transcription factor
RUNX1	Runt-related transcription factor 1
RUNX2	Runt-related transcription factor 2
RUNX3	Runt-related transcription factor 3
SETDB1	Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETDB1
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
SIRT6	Sirtuin 6
Smad	Suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic
Sp7	Transcription factor Sp7
SREBP1	Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
SYNE1	Spectrin repeat-containing nuclear envelope protein
TSS	Transcription start site
TAZ	Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif
TRP	Transient receptor potential
TRPV4	Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4
Wnt	Wingless-related integration site
YAP	Yes-associated protein