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. 2025 Dec 26;15(1):186. doi: 10.3390/jcm15010186
AUC Area under the curve
BBB Blood–brain barrier
BDNF Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
CBF Cerebral blood flow
CNS Central nervous system
CSF Cerebrospinal fluid
CT
CXCL8
Computed tomography
C-X-C chemokine ligand family
ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
INFγ Interferon gamma
GCS Glasgow coma scale
GDNF Glial-derived neurotrophic factor
GFAP Glial fibrillary acid protein
ICP Intracranial pressure
IL Interleukin
Jak1/Stat3 Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MRI
mTBI
Magnetic resonance imaging
Mild traumatic brain injury
NFκB Nuclear factor kappa-B
NGF Nerve growth factor
NSE Neuron specific enolase
PI3K Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PTE Post-traumatic epilepsy
ROS Reactive oxygen species
S100B S100 calcium binding protein B
sNCAM Soluble neural cell adhesion molecule
SNP Single-nucleotide polymorphism
SOCS Suppressor of cytokine signaling
sTBI Severe traumatic brain injury
TBI Traumatic brain injury
TNFα Tumor necrosis factor alpha
UCH-L1 Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1