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. 2025 Dec 22;31(1):43. doi: 10.3390/molecules31010043
AFB1 aflatoxin B1
ZEA zearalenone
EU European Union
IgA immunoglobulin A
DON deoxynivalenol
OTA ochratoxin A
FB fumonisin
IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer
CYP cytochrome P450
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA ribonucleic acid
FDA Food and Drug Administration
DDGs dried distillers grains
NK natural killer cells
DAS diacetoxyscirpenol
MAS monoacetoxyscirpenol
NEO neosolaniol
NIV nivalenol
3-Ac-DON 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol
15-Ac-DON 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol
ENN enniatins
BEA beauvericin
FP fusaproliferin
MON moniliformin
AUR aurofusarin
MPA mycophenolic acid
EMO emodin
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor α
IL-6 interleukin 6
TGF-β transforming growth factor beta
TJ tight junction proteins
TLRs Toll-like receptors
ROS reactive oxygen species
KLH keyhole limpet hemocyanin