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. 2025 Dec 27;15(1):220. doi: 10.3390/jcm15010220
CAI The International Ankle Consortium
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
RCT Randomized Controll Trial
PICO Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome
BESS Balance Error Scoring System
CAIT Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool
DFROM dorsifelxion ROM
FAAM Foot and Ankle Ability Measure
FAAM-S Foot and Ankle Ability Measure Sport
JPS joint position sense
TSK Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia
SEBT Star Excursion Balance Test
YBT Y-Balance Test
BT balance training
NMT neuromuscular training combined
NFT neurofeedback training
tDCS transcranial direct current stimulation
IDFAI The Identification of Functional Ankle Instability Questionnaire
HADS The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
DLS double-limb squat
DLS-HL double-limb squat with heel lift
sEMG surface electromyography
DEXA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry