1RM	One-repetition maximum
6MWT	Six-minute walk test
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AFT	Afternoon
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
AUClast	Area under the concentration-time curve to the last measurable concentration
AUG	Area under the glucose curve
baPWV	Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity
BFR	Blood flow restriction
BP	Blood pressure
BRJ	Beetroot juice
Ca2+	Calcium ion
CAIx	Cerebral augmentation index
cBRS	Cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity
CD11b	Cluster of differentiation 11b
cGMP	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate
CAF	Caffeine-supplemented group
CRP	C-reactive protein
CK	Creatine kinase
CMJ	Countermovement jump
CO	Cardiac output
CO2	Carbon dioxide
CON	Controlled
CR	Caloric restriction
CSA	Cross-section area
DBP	Diastolic blood pressure
DCA	Dynamic cerebral autoregulation
Deoxy-Hb	Deoxygenated hemoglobin
Deoxy-Mb	Deoxygenated myoglobin
DOMS	Delayed onset muscle soreness
EMG	Electromyography
EPM	Early postmenopausal
EVE	Evening
EXE	Exercise
FBF	Forearm blood-flow
FMD	Flow-mediated dilation
GLP-1	Glucagon-like peptide-1
GPS	Global positioning system
GSH	Reduced glutathione
GSSG	Oxidized glutathione
GTP	Guanosine triphosphate
Hb	Hemoglobin
HD	Hemodialysis
HF	High-frequency
HFpEF	Heart failure and preserved ejection fraction
HHb	Deoxyhemoglobin
HOMA-IR	Homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance
HR	Heart rate
HRV	Heart rate variability
IHS	Isometric handgrip strength
IMTP	Isometric mid-thigh pull
IL-6	Interleukin-6
IPAQ	International physical activity questionnaire
LBNP	Lower-body negative pressure
LF	Low frequency
LPM	Late postmenopausal
M	Male participants
MAP	Mean arterial pressure
MIVC	Maximal isometric voluntary contraction
MORN	Morning
MPT	Mitochondrial permeability transition
MUFR	Motor unit firing rate
MUP	Motor unit potential
MVC	Maximal voluntary contraction
MVIC	Maximal voluntary isometric contraction
NF jiggle	Neuromuscular firing instability
NIRS	Near-infrared spectroscopy
NIT	Nitrate-supplemented group
NO	Nitric oxide
NOS	Nitric oxide synthase
NO2-	Nitrite
NO3-	Nitrate
NOx	Nitric oxide metabolites
NR	Not reported
O2	Oxygen
OGTT	Oral glucose tolerance test
OLD	Older group
oxLDL	Oxidized low-density lipoprotein
PCr	Phosphocreatine
PETCO2	Partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide
PFC	Prefrontal Cortex
pH	Power of Hydrogen
PIx	Pulsatility indices
PKG	Protein kinase G
PLA	Placebo
PPO	Peak power output
PPT	Pain pressure threshold
PSTT	Progressive specific taekwondo test
PWV	Pulse wave variable
qNIRS	Quantitative near-infrared spectroscopy
Qtw,pot	Potentiated quadriceps twitch force
QUICKI	Quantitative insulin sensitivity check index
RBC	Red blood cell
REE	Resting energy expenditure
RER	Respiratory exchange ratio
RFD	Rate of force development
RIx	Resistivity indices
RMS	Root Mean Square
RoR	Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RPE	Rating of perceived exertion
RTD	Rate of torque development
RVIP	Rapid visual information processing
RyR	Ryanodine receptor
SBP	Systolic blood pressure
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
SERCA	Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase
sGC	Soluble guanylate cyclase
SIT	Sprint interval training
SJ	Squat jump
SJFT	Sargent jump fatigue test
SpO2	Peripheral oxygen saturation
StO2	Tissue oxygen saturation
SVR	Systemic vascular resistance
T2D	Type 2 diabetes
TPR	Total peripheral resistance
TQR	Total quality recovery
TT	Time-trial
TTE	Time to exhaustion
VE	Minute ventilation
VEG	Vegetable-supplemented group
VE/VCO2	Ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide
VE/VO2	Ventilatory equivalent for oxygen
VLF	Very-low-frequency
VO2	Oxygen consumption
VO2peak	Peak oxygen consumption
W	Female participant
XOR	Xanthine oxidoreductase
YYIR1	Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1
YN	Younger group