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. 2025 Dec 23;18(1):55. doi: 10.3390/nu18010055
4-HNE 4-Hydroxynonenal, a marker of lipid peroxidation
ATP5A ATP Synthase Subunit Alpha
BAX Bcl-2-Associated X Protein
Bcl-2 B-Cell Lymphoma 2
BrdU 5-Bromo-2′-Deoxyuridine
CA1/CA2/CA3 Cornu Ammonis Fields 1–3 of the hippocampus
CC3 Cleaved Caspase-3
DCX Doublecortin
D.W. Distilled Water
GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase
GFAP Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein
GCL Granule Cell Layer
HRP Horseradish peroxidase
Iba-1 Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1
IHC Immunohistochemistry
IF Immunofluorescence
ML Molecular Layer
MPO Myeloperoxidase
MPTP 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine
NeuN Neuronal Nuclei
NOX4 NADPH Oxidase 4
OPN Osteopontin
OXPHOS Oxidative Phosphorylation Complexes I–V
PFA paraformaldehyde
PD Parkinson’s Disease
PI Passiflora incarnata L.
PSD95 Postsynaptic Density Protein-95
RES Resveratrol
ROS Reactive Oxygen Species
SDA Saffron-Derived Antioxidant (Crocus sativus Extract)
SEM Standard Error of the Mean
SGZ Subgranular Zone
SNc Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta
SO Stratum Oriens
SP Stratum Pyramidale
SR Stratum Radiatum
TH Tyrosine Hydroxylase
TIM23 Translocase of the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane-23
TOM20 Translocase of the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane-20
WB Western Blot