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. 2025 Dec 25;15(1):65. doi: 10.3390/plants15010065
GAP genome-assisted prediction
QTL quantitative trait locus
MTA marker-trait association
PIC polymorphism information content
HWE Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
LG Linkage Groups
GWAS genome-wide association study
SNP single nucleotide polymorphism
GS Genomic selection
GEBV genome estimated breeding values
GPV Genomic Prediction Value
OPV Observed Phenotypic Value
CV coefficient of variation
H heterosis
RL Ratio of lower than low parent
RH Ratio of higher than the high parent
Ta genetic transmitting ability of hybrids
ANOVA one-way analysis of variance
HSD Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference
CTAB cetyltrimethylammonium bromide
GBTS Genotyping by Target Sequencing
FDR False Discovery Rate