| GAP | genome-assisted prediction |
| QTL | quantitative trait locus |
| MTA | marker-trait association |
| PIC | polymorphism information content |
| HWE | Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium |
| LG | Linkage Groups |
| GWAS | genome-wide association study |
| SNP | single nucleotide polymorphism |
| GS | Genomic selection |
| GEBV | genome estimated breeding values |
| GPV | Genomic Prediction Value |
| OPV | Observed Phenotypic Value |
| CV | coefficient of variation |
| H | heterosis |
| RL | Ratio of lower than low parent |
| RH | Ratio of higher than the high parent |
| Ta | genetic transmitting ability of hybrids |
| ANOVA | one-way analysis of variance |
| HSD | Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference |
| CTAB | cetyltrimethylammonium bromide |
| GBTS | Genotyping by Target Sequencing |
| FDR | False Discovery Rate |