Akt	Protein kinase A
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
CR	Calorie restriction
CVDs	Cardiovascular diseases
DNMT	DNA methyltransferase
FOXO3a	Forkhead box O3a
HAT	Histone acetyltransferase
HDAC	Histone deacetylase
IF	Intermittent fasting
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
lncRNA	Long non-coding RNA
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
miRNA	microRNA
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NO	Nitric oxide
Nrf2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
PPARα	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SCFA	Short-chain fatty acid
SIRT1	Sirtuin 1
TET	Ten-Eleven Translocation
TLR4	Toll-like receptor 4
TMAO	Trimethylamine N-oxide