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. 2026 Jan 11;27(1):bbaf713. doi: 10.1093/bib/bbaf713

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© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.

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Alt Text: Bar plots compare the performances across the 6 RNA LMs and the 10 loss functions. — Distribution of MCC (left) AUPRC (middle), and AUROC (right) across all RNA LMs (A) and loss functions (B).