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. 2026 Jan 8;27:19. doi: 10.1186/s13063-026-09424-w

Table 1.

Trial characteristics tabulated by recruitment period and type of funding

Bladder cancer Head and neck cancer
Recruitment period 2013–2017 2018–2023 Total 2013–2017 2018–2023 Total
Type of funding Non-industry Industry Non-industry Industry Non-industry Industry Non-industry Industry
9 8 1 20 38 9 7 1 13 30
Phase
 II 4 4 0 4 12 1 3 0 7 11
 II/III 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 2 2
 III 4 4 1 15 24 8 4 1 4 17
Trial sponsor
 Non-commercial 9 4 1 4 18 8 0 1 1 10
 Commercial 0 4 0 16 20 1 7 0 12 20
Trial type
 CTIMP 3 7 0 20 30 6 7 0 13 26
 Non CTIMP 6 1 1 0 8 3 0 1 0 4
Intervention type
 Pharmacological 2 7 0 15 24 2 6 0 11 19
 Radiotherapy 2 0 0 0 2 3 0 1 0 4
 Surgical 3 0 1 0 4
 Other 2 0 0 0 2
 Mixed regimens 1 0 0 5 6 4 1 0 2 7
Disease stage: bladder cancer
 Any bladder cancer 1 0 1 0 2
 NMIBC 5 1 0 4 10
 MIBC (any) 1 0 0 1 2
 MIBC (non-metastatic) 2 1 0 10 13
 MIBC (metastatic) 0 6 0 5 11
Disease stage: head and neck cancer
 Non-metastatic or locally advanced 5 1 0 2 8
 Metastatic or recurrent 0 6 0 11 17
 Multiple disease stages 4 0 1 0 5