Fig. 3.

Metabolic enzyme activity analysis of Cryptocaryon irritans tomonts under hypoxia. a malondialdehyde (MDA), b catalase (CAT), c NAD⁺/NADH ratio, d pyruvate kinase (PK), e hexokinase (HK) and f ATP (n = 3). Activities of PK (at 6 and 48 h) and HK (at 24 and 48 h) were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple-comparisons test. All other datasets were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Data are presented as mean ± SD; n denotes biological replicates. * p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01