Fig. 5.

Inhibitory effects of erastin and hypoxia on C. irritans tomonts. a Hatching rates of C. irritans tomonts following exposure to hypoxia for different durations (6 h to 7 d), with subsequent reoxygenation (n = 3). b Hatching rates of C. irritans tomonts under different durations of hypoxia followed by 7 d of reoxygenation (n = 3). The moderate hypoxia (2 mg/L) group, which showed complete inhibition (0%), was included in the figure for reference but excluded from statistical analysis. (n/a) indicates not applicable. c Hatching rates of C. irritans tomonts treated with 2, 4, 8, and 10 μM erastin under normoxia (6 mg/L) and moderate hypoxia (2 mg/L) (n = 3). d Morphology of C. irritans tomonts exposed to hypoxia and erastin. Scale bars, 100 µm (two left panels) and 50 µm (two right panels). e Propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence intensity (E_x/E_m = 535/615 nm) in tomonts under normoxia (6 mg/L), moderate hypoxia (2 mg/L), and erastin-treated (10 μM) (n = 3). f PI fluorescence staining images of C. irritans tomonts under E_x/E_m = 535/615 nm at 48 h in each group. Scale bar, 100 µm. Statistical analysis in (c) was performed using a two-tailed Student’s t-test. Multiple comparisons in (b) and (e) were performed using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. Data are shown as mean ± SD. ‘n’ indicates biological replicates. **p < 0.01