Table 1.
Summary of genes associated with local adaptation of domestic horses
| Hores Breed | Parameter | Platform | Associated Genes | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yakut | Cold | WGS | THRAP3 | (Librado et al. 2015) |
| Tibetan | High altitude | WGS | EPAS1 | (Liu et al. 2019) |
| Jinjiang | Heat-tolerance | CNV | HSPA1A | (Wang et al. 2022) |
| Brazilian | Heat-tolerance | GWAS | GFOD1, KLF9 | (de Faria et al. 2022) |
| MG & THB | Racing | WGS | MYLK2, NTM | (Han et al. 2022) |
| HV & DP | Racing | GWAS | ACTA1 | (Asadollahpour et al. 2019, 2021) |
| Italian trotter | Racing | SNPs Genotyping | COX412, GCK | (Dall’Olio et al. 2021) |
| THB, Anglo-Arabian | Racing | GWAS, SNPs-based | MSTN | (Hill et al. 2019; Pira et al. 2021) |
| Chinese domestic | Racing | PCR–RFLP | MSTN | (Li et al. 2014) |
| Quarter horse | Racing | GWAS | AKNA, ARMC2, ZFP37, HNRNPU | (Pereira et al. 2019) |
| Arabian horses | Racing | R-PCR and PCR–RFLP | SH3RF1, SH3RF2, ACTN3 | (Ropka-Molik et al. 2018, 2019a, b) |
| Mangalarga Marchador | Racing | GWAS | PPP4R2, PDZRN3, IFNAR1, LOC100071438 | (Littiere et al. 2020) |
| Baicha Iron Hoof | Hoof health | Genome-wide SNPs | CSPG4, PEAK1, EXPH5, WWP2, HAS3 | (Han et al. 2023) |
| Puerto Rican | Gait | GWAS | ECA 23 DMRT3 | (Wolfsberger et al. 2022) |
| MG, IT & FT | Gait | GWAS, CSS | DMRT3 | (Dall’Olio et al. 2021; Han et al. 2023; Ricard and Duluard 2021) |
| Shetland pony | Body size | WGS, CNVRs | DIAPH3 | (Metzger et al. 2018) |
| Noriker | Body size | ROH based | ZFAT, LASP1, LCORL/NCAPG | (Grilz‐Seger et al. 2019) |
| DP | Body size | GWAS, SNPs based | TBX3 | (Kader et al. 2016a, b; Liu et al. 2022) |
| Korean native Jeju | Body size | RNA-seq based | ACTN2, LCORL, MSTN, LASP1, ZFAT, PDK4, HMGA2 | (Srikanth et al. 2019) |
| IRH | Hight stature | GWAS | HMGA2, LLPH | (Mousavi et al. 2023) |
| JTH | Body weight | GWAS | MSTN, LCORL, TRIB2, ZFAT | (Tozaki et al. 2017) |
| IT & IRH | Wither height | SNPs Genotyping | LCORL | (Dall’Olio et al. 2021; Mostafavi et al. 2019) |
| Thoroughbred | Muscle growth | WGS, ROH | ADAMTS15, QKI | (Chen et al. 2023) |
| AR, MG & THB | Muscle growth | WGS (CSS) | HDAC9, KTN1, MYLK2, SLC16A1, SYNDIG1 | (Han et al. 2022) |
| Mongolian | Muscle growth | RNA seq based | MSTN | (Budsuren et al. 2022) |
| ABC | Curly hair | GWAS, RNA-seq | KRT25, SP6 | (Thomer et al. 2018) |
| Yakut | Hair growth | WGS, FST, CNV | BARX2 | (Librado et al. 2015) |
| American Paint | Splashed & spotting | WGS, Exon seq | MITF, PAX3 | (Henkel et al. 2019; Magdesian et al. 2020; Patterson et al. 2022) |
| Sarcidano & Kushum | Bay, black, chestnut | mtDNA Haplotypes | MC1R, ASIP | (Cosso et al. 2022; Nguyen et al. 2020) |
| German Riding Pony | White-spotted | PCR, Sanger seq | KIT | (Hug et al. 2019) |
| Purebred Spanish | Pearl coat | SNP, genotyping | MATP/SLC45A2 | (Holl et al. 2019; Marín Navas et al. 2022) |
| Polish Konik | Blue dun | Genotyping based | TBX3 | (Cieslak et al. 2021) |
| Noriker | Leopard spotted | ROH based | MC1R, PATN1 | (Gril‐Seger et al. 2019) |