Fig. 5.

Schematic illustration of single-model deep learning architectures. a Robustness of deep PNNs against unpredictable external perturbations. Reproduced with permission [127].

Copyright 2023, The American Association for the Advancement of Science. b Transfer learning algorithms on the EEG dataset. Reproduced with permission [128]. Copyright 2024, Springer Nature. c Left: Comparisons of the Spiking Jelly with other frameworks and applications. Right: Typical applications of Spiking Jelly. Reproduced with permission [129]. Copyright 2023, The American Association for the Advancement of Science. d Introducing biological SBP into SNNs. Reproduced with permission [130]. Copyright 2021, The American Association for the Advancement of Science