Table 2.

Advantages of light-assisted flexible energy storage devices over heat-assisted and electrical-assisted devices

Comparison dimensions	Light-assisted flexible energy storage device	Heat-assisted energy storage device	Electrical-assisted energy storage device
Energy source	Light energy directly participates in energy storage reactions, significantly improving efficiency	Dependence on fossil fuels (such as natural gas and coal) or thermal energy converted from electricity results in carbon emissions and is subject to fuel supply and transportation constraints	Depends on external power input, but requires frequent charging and incurs energy loss
Energy conversion efficiency	Short energy conversion path (direct storage of light energy → electrical energy), low intermediate loss	It requires multiple conversions from chemical energy to thermal energy to electrical energy, resulting in significant heat loss	There are transmission line losses and energy conversion losses during the charging process, resulting in low actual utilization rates
Flexibility and adaptability	Based on flexible electrode materials (such as nanofibers and composite films) and gel electrolytes, it can withstand bending, folding, and other deformations, making it suitable for wearable and curved devices	Heating modules and energy storage units are mostly rigid structures, and deformation can easily cause damage to components	Power supply lines and connectors are prone to poor contact during flexible deformation, making them difficult to adapt to flexible electronic scenarios
Application scenarios	Wearable electronics (such as health monitoring devices), IoT nodes, flexible displays, and portable energy systems	Mainly used in fixed scenarios (such as industrial energy storage and centralized heating energy storage), with limited outdoor and mobile applications	Dependent on the power grid, mainly used in indoor settings with stable power supply (such as consumer electronics and home energy storage)