Table 5.

The advantages and disadvantages of different design strategies and their scope of application in light-assisted flexible energy storage materials

Strategy type	Advantages	Disadvantages	Core application scenarios
Doping Modification	Precise adjustment of bandgap and conductivity to improve photogenerated carrier separation efficiency Mature process that is easily compatible with flexible substrates Low cost, suitable for large-scale production	Doping concentration must be strictly controlled; excessive doping may lead to lattice defects Limited improvement in mechanical flexibility Doping with precious metals may increase costs	Regulate the electronic structure of electrode materials to optimize light absorption and conductivity
Surface Modification and Interface Engineering	Reduce interfacial charge transfer resistance and improve rate performance Enhance the compatibility between electrodes and gel electrolytes to reduce leakage Introduce light-responsive sites to indirectly improve photovoltaic efficiency	Modified layers tend to peel off during bending, affecting stability Complex modification processes increase costs Excessive modification may block electrode pores	Optimize electrode surface characteristics and electrode–electrolyte interface to reduce charge transfer resistance
Heterostructure Engineering	Heterojunction built-in electric field efficiently separates charge carriers, improving photovoltaic performance Integrates the advantages of different materials Synergistically improves performance stability under bending conditions	Interface lattice mismatch can easily lead to an increase in defects Multi-material composite processes are complex, and uniformity is difficult to guarantee Long-term cycling may result in interface diffusion	Constructing semiconductor heterojunctions to promote photogenerated charge separation
Morphology Control and Nanostructure Engineering	Nanostructures increase specific surface area and increase active sites Ordered structures promote ion/electron transport and reduce resistance Adapt to the bending deformation of flexible substrates and improve mechanical stability	Complex nanostructure preparation processes are difficult to scale up Excessively high aspect ratios may increase brittleness Nanoparticles tend to agglomerate, affecting performance consistency	Regulate the microscopic morphology of electrodes to optimize light absorption and ion transport
Composite Material Strategies	Synergistic enhancement of light absorption and mechanical strength Flexible substrate enables device adaptation to bending/folding Easy performance balancing through component ratio adjustment	Poor compatibility between multiple components increases charge transfer resistance Uniformity of composite materials is difficult to guarantee Some flexible substrates are costly, and their conductivity decreases after bending	Composite light-responsive materials and flexible substrates, balancing spectral response and mechanical robustness