Fig. 11.

a Macroscopic topographic image (left) as well as local magnification (right) of a 3D stacked three-layer 3 × 10 × 10 crossbar array with Pt/WO_x/W SRMs vertically integrated at each crossing point. b Schematic diagram of 3D stack three-layer passive crossbar arrays and SRM cells. c DC I–V curves of WO_x-based SRMs. d Schematic diagram of the three-layer RC system. e Schematic diagram of a 3D trajectory of Lorenz attractor in the x, y, and z components. f Schematic diagram of the decomposition of the one-dimensional Lorentzian attractor to three layers from the three-dimensional Lorentzian attractor as a function of time with the three physical reservoirs used to predict the three-dimensional Lorentzian attractor. g Actual and predicted scenarios for the three-dimensional Lorenz attractor. h Comparison of actual and predicted behavior of x, y and z components over time. i NMSE between actual and predicted behavior of single and multiple reservoirs on x, y and z components. Reproduced from [45], with permission from Springer Nature