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. 2026 Jan 12;18:188. doi: 10.1007/s40820-025-02035-1

Table 2.

Key glossary

Term Abbreviation Definition
Self-rectifying memristor SRM A novel type of memristor that exhibits intrinsic diode-like rectification, enabling unidirectional conduction and suppressing sneak path currents in crossbar arrays
Rectification ratio RR The ratio of the on-state current of the device under positive bias to the off-state current under negative bias, indicating the level of current suppression in reverse bias
Nonlinearity NL The ratio of the current of the device at the read voltage under the low-resistance state (LRS) to its current at the partial read voltage, indicating the degree of nonlinearity in the current–voltage characteristics
Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor CMOS A widely used technology for manufacturing integrated circuits, characterized by low-power consumption and high scalability
Vector–matrix multiplication VMM A fundamental operation in many computing tasks, where a vector is multiplied by a matrix to produce a result vector, often used in neural networks and in-memory computing
Ternary content-addressable memory TCAM A type of cell that allows data to be retrieved based on its content rather than its address, often used in high-speed search applications
Artificial neural network ANN A computational model inspired by the structure and function of biological neural networks, used for tasks such as image recognition and pattern classification
Convolutional neural network CNN A type of neural network that uses convolutional layers to process data with grid-like topology, commonly used for image and video recognition tasks
Autonomous driving systems ADS Systems that enable vehicles to operate without human intervention, often using advanced sensors, computing, and machine learning techniques
Reservoir computing RC A type of recurrent neural network that uses a fixed, highly dynamic reservoir to map input signals to a high-dimensional space, followed by a linear readout layer for output
Physical unclonable function PUF A security primitive that generates unique and unclonable digital fingerprints based on the inherent physical variations in a device, used for authentication and key storage
True random number generator TRNG A hardware device that generates random numbers based on physical processes, providing high entropy for cryptographic applications
Homomorphic encryption HE A form of encryption that allows computations to be performed on ciphertext, producing an encrypted result that, when decrypted, matches the result of operations performed on the plaintext