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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jan 14.
Published before final editing as: Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2026 Jan 6:10.1038/s41580-025-00936-y. doi: 10.1038/s41580-025-00936-y

Figure 5 |. Feed-forward loop connecting CHIP and inflammation.

Figure 5 |

The expansion of CHIP-mutant clones causally contributes to inflammatory diseases, whereas systemic inflammation associated with these disorders may accelerate somatic evolution and clonal hematopoiesis as a consequence of increased HSC proliferation35,38–41,44,45,50. The resulting increased generation of CHIP-mutant and hyper-inflammatory leukocytes can further exacerbate chronic disease9,19,53,54,130, thereby generating a feed-forward loop, in which CHIP and chronic disease are reciprocally reinforced.