FIG. 1.

TNF-α expression in C. neoformans-infected mice. (A) TNF-α expression was analyzed in lavage cells of C. neoformans-infected mice at days 2, 3, and 7 by RT-PCR. β-Actin expression demonstrates equal loading of RNA among all samples. UN, uninfected mice. (B) BAL fluid was collected from C. neoformans-infected control and anti-TNF-α-treated (day 0) mice at days 7 and 14 postinfection. TNF-α levels were determined by ELISA. Results are expressed as the mean ± SE for eight mice per treatment group from two separate experiments. ∗, P < 0.05 compared with control C. neoformans-infected mice. The dashed line represents cytokine levels in uninfected animals.