FIG. 4.

Lack of a T1 response in anti-TNF-α-treated mice. (A) Cytokine expression in the lung-associated lymph nodes of C. neoformans-infected control (Ctrl) and anti-TNF-α-treated (day 0) mice. Lung-associated lymph nodes were removed at day 7 and pooled for RNA isolation (three mice per group). The expression of IFN-γ and IL-4 was analyzed by RT-PCR using 500 ng of node RNA. β-Actin expression is shown to demonstrate equal loading of RNA among all samples. Results are representative of three separate experiments. (B) Anticryptococcal DTH in C. neoformans-infected control and anti-TNF-α-treated mice. Infected mice in both groups were tested for DTH at day 35 using a footpad DTH assay described in the text. Uninfected mice did not have a significant footpad response to the C. neoformans antigen. (C) Serum IgE levels in C. neoformans-infected control and anti-TNF-α-treated mice. Total serum IgE was measured at day 21 by ELISA. The dashed line represents levels in uninfected animals. Results are expressed as the mean ± SE for eight mice per treatment group from two separate experiments. ∗, P < 0.05 compared to control mice.