Table 4.

Percentage of total apoptotic cells (early + late apoptosis) in four cell lines (BEAS-2B, A549, MDA-MB-231, HCT116) following 24-h treatment with U. dioica ME, HE, and cisplatin

	BEAS-2B*	A549*	MDA-MB-231*	HCT116*
Control	0.67 ± 0.21d	0.43 ± 0.15d	1.10 ± 0.20d	1.07 ± 0.21d
ME	16.93 ± 0.35b	15.30 ± 0.30b	25.47 ± 1.06b	13.87 ± 0.70b
HE	20.27 ± 0.31a	19.77 ± 0.29a	32.77 ± 0.67a	20.87 ± 0.50a
Cisplatin **	10.63 ± 0.67c	6.10 ± 0.26c	8.10 ± 0.26c	4.40 ± 0.26c
p Value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

^*: Cell lines, ^**: Reference drug, ME: Acidified methanolic extract, HE: Hexane extract

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) from three independent experiments. All treatment groups showed significantly higher apoptosis rates compared to the untreated control group (p < 0.001)

Different superscript letters (a-d) in the same column indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05)