. 2025 Dec 7;26:13. doi: 10.1186/s12906-025-05211-3

Table 5.

Distribution (%) of cells in G0/G1, S, and G2/M phases following 24-h treatment with U. dioica ME, HE, and cisplatin in BEAS-2B, A549, MDA-MB-231, and HCT116 cell lines

	BEAS-2B*	A549*	MDA-MB-231*	HCT116*
		G0/G1
Control	55.57 ± 0.45^d	56.13 ± 0.25^d	61.40 ± 0.46^d	59.70 ± 0.36^d
ME	61.33 ± 0.45^b	62.07 ± 0.06^b	70.60 ± 0.40^b	65.73 ± 0.32^b
HE	65.93 ± 0.29^a	66.17 ± 0.31^a	80.30 ± 0.53^a	71.37 ± 0.55^a
Cisplatin**	58.93 ± 0.15^c	58.90 ± 1.04^c	63.80 ± 0.30^c	62.53 ± 0.93^c
p Value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
		S
Control	23.57 ± 0.55^a	25.70 ± 0.60^a	17.13 ± 0.91^a	21.13 ± 0.21^a
ME	23.27 ± 0.31^a	25.13 ± 0.15^ab	14.07 ± 0.60^b	18.37 ± 0.42^b
HE	21.27 ± 0.45^b	23.53 ± 0.55^b	11.90 ± 0.46^c	16.20 ± 0.36^c
Cisplatin **	23.77 ± 0.49^a	25.23 ± 1.25^ab	16.80 ± 0.53^a	18.70 ± 1.45^b
p Value	= 0.005	= 0.0346	< 0.001	= 0.005
		G2/M
Control	19.67 ± 0.71^a	17.77 ± 0.31^a	21.73 ± 0.32^a	20.30 ± 0.36^a
ME	12.23 ± 0.32^c	12.43 ± 0.31^c	13.23 ± 0.31^c	16.27 ± 0.15^c
HE	8.93 ± 0.21^d	9.13 ± 0.15^d	5.60 ± 0.36^d	11.23 ± 0.25^d
Cisplatin **	15.63 ± 0.35^b	14.60 ± 1.22^b	19.33 ± 0.55^b	18.80 ± 0.26^b
p Value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

^*: Cell lines, ^**: Reference drug, ME: Acidified methanolic extract, HE: Hexane extract

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) from three independent experiments. Different superscript letters (a-d) in the same column indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05)